What is Defamation?
The claim of defamation is the publication of a false statement of fact to a third party that tends to harm reputation. Some jurisdictions distinguish between spoken defamation (libel) and fixed medium defamation (slander).
To remedy defamation courts can impose an injunction to end the behavior (not preferred) or impose monetary damages as compensation for the injury caused.
In summation, a party has to prove:
False statement of fact (that the statement was a provable fact, not a subjective opinion)
Published to a 3rd party
Injury, demonstration of harm to reputation
Defamation Per Se
When the published statement of fact fits into one of these categories, then the injury (harm to reputation) is inferred. These are: